Step 4: Find Valence Electrons. The total number of electrons present in the valence shell of an atom are called valence electrons, and there are a total of seven electrons present in the valence shell of chlorine (3s²3p⁵). Thus, chlorine has seven valence electrons. Also Read: Valence Electrons & Valency of Hydrogen (H). View this answer Potassium (K) has 19 total electrons, as indicated by its atomic number (the number of electrons equals the number of protons in a neutral atom).

• K 19 Valence Electrons
• Valence Electrons Calculator

Covers valence shell electrons and inner shell electrons. The electrons are color-coded to indicate which atoms they belonged to before the covalent bonds formed, with red representing hydrogen and blue representing carbon. Four covalent bonds are formed so that C has an octet of valence electrons, and each H has two valence electrons—one from the carbon atom and one from one of the hydrogen atoms. Potassium atom has 19 electons. Electronic configuration includes - 2,8,8,1. According to the octet rule, the atom or ion to be stable has to have 8 electons in the outermost shell. It's practically impossible for the potassium atom to gain 7 elec.

Element Potassium - K

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Potassium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Potassium. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.

K 19 Valence Electrons

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Overview of Potassium

• Atomic Number: 19
• Group: 1
• Period: 4
• Series: Alkali Metals

Potassium's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Kalium
• Czech: Draslík
• Croatian: Kalij
• French: Potassium
• German: Kalium - s
• Italian: Potassio
• Norwegian: Kalium
• Portuguese: Potássio
• Russian: Калий
• Spanish: Potasio
• Swedish: Kalium

Atomic Structure of Potassium

• Atomic Radius: 2.77Å
• Atomic Volume: 45.46cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 2.03Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) σ_a/barns: 2.1
• Crystal Structure: Cubic body centered
• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶ 4s¹

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,8,1

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 1.38Å
• Filling Orbital: 4s¹
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 19
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 20
• Number of Protons: 19
• Oxidation States: 1
• Valence Electrons: 4s¹

  Electron Dot Model
  

Chemical Properties of Potassium

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.4587g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function: 2.3eV
• Electronegativity: 0.82 (Pauling); 0.91 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 2.334kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:
• Ionization Potential
  • First: 4.341
  • Second: 31.625
  • Third: 45.72
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 10.4

Physical Properties of Potassium

• Atomic Mass Average: 39.0983
• Boiling Point: 1032K 759°C 1398°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 83E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.139 10⁶/cm Ω
  Thermal: 1.024 W/cmK

• Density: 0.862g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  Very soft silvery metal that quickly oxidizes to white in air and reacts violently in water.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 3.1/GPa
  • Rigidity: 1.3/GPa
  • Youngs: 3.53/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 89.5 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 2.32 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 77.5 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class:
• Freezing Point:see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 0.363 MN m^-2
  • Mohs: 0.4
• Heat of Vaporization: 79.87kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 336.5K 63.35°C 146.03°F
• Molar Volume: 45.46 cm³/mole
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.75J/gK
• Vapor Pressure = 0.000106Pa@63.35°C

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-09-7
• RTECS: TS6465000
• OSHAPermissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • No limits set by OSHA
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • No limits set by OSHA
• NIOSHRecommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • No limits set by NIOSH
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: 1620
  • Bone/p.p.m: 2100
  • Liver/p.p.m: 16000
  • Muscle/p.p.m: 16000
  • Daily Dietary Intake: 1400-7400 mg
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 140 g

Who / Where / When / How

• Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy
• Discovery Location: London England
• Discovery Year: 1807
• Name Origin:

  From potash (pot ash); K from latin: kalium

• Abundance of Potassium:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 21000
  • Seawater/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 145000
• Sources of Potassium:

  Found in minerals like carnallite [(KMgCl₃).6H₂O], sylvite (KCL) and alunite. Annual world production is around 200 tons. Primary mining areas are in Germany, Spain, Canada, USA and Italy.

• Uses of Potassium:

  Used as potash in making glass, soap, lenses and salt substitute. Also as saltpeter, potassium nitrate (KNO₃) it is used to make explosives and to color fireworks in mauve.

• Additional Notes:

  Formerly called kalium hence the symbol 'K'.

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References

Azpen driver download. A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.

Related Resources

• Anatomy of the Atom
  Answers many questions regarding the structure of atoms.
• Molarity, Molality and Normality
  Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality.
• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
  Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
• Chemical Database
  This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

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